In a keynote speech at Consumer Electronics Show, Jensen Huang, CEO of chipmaker Nvidia shared that its next-gen Vera Rubin chip systems, successor to their Grace Blackwell systems, will be able to be cooled by hot water, up to 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit). This will remove the need for chillers in some circumstances, leading to energy efficiency gains for large data centers. Other tech CEOs also shared that they think that two-phase cooling systems, where water is both a gas and a liquid at different points in a water-cooling system, have reached a point of greater market viability. Manufacturers noted that systems that usually work without chillers are already common, as are systems where chillers only activate during especially hot days when free cooling is less efficient.